is the author of several books, including "Machine Made: Tammany Hall and the Creation of Modern American Politics." He teaches U.S. history and politics at the College of Staten Island.
News, data and policy, straight to your inbox
Great! You’ve successfully signed up.
Welcome back! You've successfully signed in.
You've successfully subscribed to Vital City.
Your link has expired.
Success! Check your email for magic link to sign-in.
Success! Your billing info has been updated.
Your billing was not updated.
